Инструкция по установке и настройке python 3

Подсистема Windows для Linux (WSL)

Если вы используете Windows 10 Creators или Anniversary Update, существует другой способ установки Python. Эти версии Windows 10 включают в себя функцию под названием Windows Subsystem for Linux, которая позволяет вам запустить среду Linux прямо в Windows без изменений и без дополнительных нагрузок в виртуальном компьютере.

• Для дополнительной информации, вы можете ознакомиться с документацией подсистемы Windows для Linux на сайте Microsoft;
• Для инструкций по подключению подсистемы в Windows 10 и установки дистрибутива Linux, вы можете ознакомиться с руководством Windows 10;
• Также, вы можете посмотреть презентацию Сары Кули на YouTube, одной из участников команды разработчиков WSL.

После установки подходящего дистрибутива Linux, вы можете установить Python 3 в консольном окне Bash, как если бы вы запускали дистрибутив Linux напрямую (смотреть ниже).

And Now For Something Completely Different

trong>Mr. Praline (John Cleese): ‘ELLO POLLY!!! Testing! Testing! This is your nine o’clock alarm call!
(Takes parrot out of the cage , throws it up in the air and watches it plummet to the floor.)
Mr. Praline: Now that’s what I call a dead parrot.
Owner (Michael Palin): No, no… No, he’s stunned!
Mr. Praline: STUNNED?!
Owner: Yeah! You stunned him, just as he was wakin’ up! Norwegian Blues stun easily, major.
Mr. Praline: Um… now look, mate. I’ve definitely ‘ad enough of this. That parrot is definitely deceased, and when I purchased it not ‘alf an hour ago, you assured me that its total lack of movement was due to it bein’ tired and shagged out following a prolonged squawk.
Owner: Well, he’s… he’s, ah… probably pining for the fjords.

More resources

• Online Documentation
• PEP 596, 3.9 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at https://bugs.python.org.
• Help fund Python and its community.

Installer news

3.9.1 is the first version of Python to support macOS 11 Big Sur. With Xcode 11 and later it is now possible to build “Universal 2” binaries which work on Apple Silicon. We are providing such an installer as the variant. This installer can be deployed back to older versions, tested down to OS X 10.9. As we are waiting for an updated version of , please consider the installer experimental.

This work would not have been possible without the effort of Ronald Oussoren, Ned Deily, and Lawrence D’Anna from Apple. Thank you!

This is the first version of Python to default to the 64-bit installer on Windows. The installer now also actively disallows installation on Windows 7. Python 3.9 is incompatible with this unsupported version of Windows.

And Now for Something Completely Different

trong>Mr. Praline (John Cleese): I wish to complain, British-Railways Person.
Attendant (Terry Jones): I DON’T HAVE TO DO THIS JOB, YOU KNOW!!!
Mr. Praline: I beg your pardon…?
Attendant: I’m a qualified brain surgeon! I only do this job because I like being my own boss!
Mr. Praline: Excuse me, this is irrelevant, isn’t it?
Attendant: Yeah, well it’s not easy to pad these python files out to 150 lines, you know.
Mr. Praline: Well, I wish to complain. I got on the Bolton train and found myself deposited here in Ipswitch.
Attendant: No, this is Bolton.
Mr. Praline: (to the camera) The pet shop man’s brother was LYING!
Attendant: Can’t blame British Rail for that.

And now for something completely different

trong>Voice Over (Michael Palin): This is Ken Clean-Air Systems, the great white hope of the British boxing world. After three fights — and only two convictions — his manager believes that Ken is now ready to face the giant American, Satellite Five.
Manager (Graham Chapman): The great thing about Ken is that he’s almost totally stupid.
(Cut back to Ken jogging, the early morning sun filtering through the trees.)
Voice Over: Every morning, he jogs the forty-seven miles from his two-bedroomed, eight-bathroom, six-up-two-down, three-to-go-house in Reigate, to the Government’s Pesticide Research Centre at Shoreham. Nobody knows why.

And now for something completely different

>Michelangelo: Good evening, your Holiness.
Pope: Evening, Michelangelo. I want to have a word with you about this painting of yours, «The Last Supper.»
Michelangelo: Oh, yeah?
Pope: I’m not happy about it.
Michelangelo: Oh, dear. It took me hours.
Pope: Not happy at all.
Michelangelo: Is it the jellies you don’t like?
Pope: No.
Michelangelo: Of course not, they add a bit of color, don’t they? Oh, I know, you don’t like the kangaroo?
Pope: What kangaroo?
Michelangelo: No problem, I’ll paint him out.
Pope: I never saw a kangaroo!
Michelangelo: Uuh… he’s right in the back. I’ll paint him out! No sweat, I’ll make him into a disciple.

Major new features of the 3.8 series, compared to 3.7

• PEP 572, Assignment expressions
• PEP 570, Positional-only arguments
• PEP 587, Python Initialization Configuration (improved embedding)
• PEP 590, Vectorcall: a fast calling protocol for CPython
• PEP 578, Runtime audit hooks
• PEP 574, Pickle protocol 5 with out-of-band data
• Typing-related: PEP 591 (Final qualifier), PEP 586 (Literal types), and PEP 589 (TypedDict)
• Parallel filesystem cache for compiled bytecode
• Debug builds share ABI as release builds
• f-strings support a handy specifier for debugging
• is now legal in blocks
• on Windows, the default event loop is now
• on macOS, the spawn start method is now used by default in
• can now use shared memory segments to avoid pickling costs between processes
• is merged back to CPython
• is now 40% faster
• now uses Protocol 4 by default, improving performance

There are many other interesting changes, please consult the «What’s New» page in the documentation for a full list.

Установка Python 3 на Debian

Мы нашли ресурсы, в которых указано, что метод Ubuntu 16.10 (смотрим выше) будет работать и с Debian, но нам так и не удалось найти рабочий способ для Debian 9. Вместо этого, мы получили альтернативный способ установки Python, указанный ниже.

Одна загвоздка с Debian: как правило, он не устанавливает команду sudo по умолчанию. Чтобы установить её, вам нужно сделать следующее, прежде чем приступить к дальнейшим инструкциям:

Shell

$ su
$ apt-get install sudo
$ vi /etc/sudoers

После этого, нужно открыть файл /etc/sudoers при помощи команды sudo в vim (или в другом текстовом редакторе, который вы предпочитаете). Добавьте следующую строку текста в конец файла, заменив your_username с вашим пользовательским именем:

Shell

your_username ALL=(ALL) ALL

Шаг 3: Собираем Python

Выполнив предварительные условия и получив файл tar, вы можете распаковать исходник в папку

Обратите внимание на то, что следующая команда создаст новую папку Python-3.6.5 под той, в которой вы в данный момент находитесь:. Shell

$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
$ tar xvf Python-3.6.5.tgz
$ cd Python-3.6.5

Shell

$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
$ tar xvf Python-3.6.5.tgz
$ cd Python-3.6.5

Теперь вам нужно запустить инструмент ./configure для подготовке к построению Python:

Shell

$ ./configure —enable-optimizations —with-ensurepip=install

Далее, мы скомпилируем Python при помощи make. Опция –j просто делит компиляцию на параллельные шаги для ускорения компиляции. Даже с параллельным компилированием, этот шаг может занять несколько минут:

Shell

$ make -j 8

Далее, вам может понадобиться установить новую версию Python. Используем таргет altinstall, чтобы не перезаписать системную версию Python. Так как вы устанавливаете Python в /usr/bin, вам нужно запустить команду от имени администратора:

Shell

$ sudo make altinstall

Other Useful Items

• Looking for 3rd party Python modules? The
  Package Index has many of them.
• You can view the standard documentation
  online, or you can download it
  in HTML, PostScript, PDF and other formats. See the main
  Documentation page.
• Information on tools for unpacking archive files
  provided on python.org is available.
• Tip: even if you download a ready-made binary for your
  platform, it makes sense to also download the source.
  This lets you browse the standard library (the subdirectory Lib)
  and the standard collections of demos (Demo) and tools
  (Tools) that come with it. There’s a lot you can learn from the
  source!
• There is also a collection of Emacs packages
  that the Emacsing Pythoneer might find useful. This includes major
  modes for editing Python, C, C++, Java, etc., Python debugger
  interfaces and more. Most packages are compatible with Emacs and
  XEmacs.

OpenPGP Public Keys

Source and binary executables are signed by the release manager or binary builder using their
OpenPGP key. Release files for currently supported releases are signed by the following:

• Pablo Galindo Salgado (3.10.x and 3.11.x source files and tags) (key id: 64E628F8D684696D)
• Steve Dower (Windows binaries) (key id: FC62 4643 4870 34E5)
• Łukasz Langa (3.8.x and 3.9.x source files and tags) (key id: B269 95E3 1025 0568)
• Ned Deily (macOS binaries, 3.7.x / 3.6.x source files and tags) (key ids: 2D34 7EA6 AA65 421D, FB99 2128 6F5E 1540, and Apple Developer ID DJ3H93M7VJ)
• Larry Hastings (3.5.x source files and tags) (key id: 3A5C A953 F73C 700D)
• Benjamin Peterson (2.7.z source files and tags) (key id: 04C3 67C2 18AD D4FF and A4135B38)

Release files for older releases which have now reached end-of-life may have been signed by one of the following:

• Anthony Baxter (key id: 0EDD C5F2 6A45 C816)
• Georg Brandl (key id: 0A5B 1018 3658 0288)
• Martin v. Löwis (key id: 6AF0 53F0 7D9D C8D2)
• Ronald Oussoren (key id: C9BE 28DE E6DF 025C)
• Barry Warsaw (key ids: 126E B563 A74B 06BF, D986 6941 EA5B BD71, and ED9D77D5)

You can import a person’s public keys from a public keyserver network server
you trust by running a command like:

or, in many cases, public keys can also be found
at keybase.io.
On the version-specific download pages, you should see a link to both the
downloadable file and a detached signature file. To verify the authenticity
of the download, grab both files and then run this command:

Note that you must use the name of the signature file, and you should use the
one that’s appropriate to the download you’re verifying.

(These instructions are geared to
GnuPG and Unix command-line users.)

This is the ninth maintenance release of Python 3.8

Note: The release you’re looking at is Python 3.8.9, a bugfix release for the legacy 3.8 series. Python 3.9 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. Get the latest release of 3.9.x here.

3.8.9 is an expedited release which includes a number of security fixes and is recommended to all users:

• bpo-43631: high-severity CVE-2021-3449 and CVE-2021-3450 were published for OpenSSL, it’s been upgraded to 1.1.1k in CI, and macOS and Windows installers.
• bpo-42988: CVE-2021-3426: Remove the getfile feature of the pydoc module which could be abused to read arbitrary files on the disk (directory traversal vulnerability). Moreover, even source code of Python modules can contain sensitive data like passwords. Vulnerability reported by David Schwörer.
• bpo-43285: ftplib no longer trusts the IP address value returned from the server in response to the PASV command by default. This prevents a malicious FTP server from using the response to probe IPv4 address and port combinations on the client network. Code that requires the former vulnerable behavior may set a trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address attribute on their ftplib.FTP instances to True to re-enable it.
• bpo-43439: Add audit hooks for gc.get_objects(), gc.get_referrers() and gc.get_referents(). Patch by Pablo Galindo.

And now for something completely different

trong>Professor (Eric Idle): It’s an entirely new strain of sheep, a killer sheep that can not only hold a rifle but is also a first-class shot.
Assistant (Carol Cleveland): But where are they coming from, professor?
Professor: That I don’t know. I just don’t know. I really just don’t know. I’m afraid even I really just don’t know. I have to tell you I’m afraid even I really just don’t know. I’m afraid I have to tell you…
(she hands him a glass of water which she had been busy getting as soon as he started into this speech) … thank you … (resuming normal breezy voice)
Professor: … I don’t know. Our only clue is this portion of wolf’s clothing which the killer sheep…
Viking (Terry Gilliam): … was wearing…
Professor: … in yesterday’s raid on Selfridges.

Установка Python 3 на iOS (iPhone / iPad)

Приложение Pythonista для iOS – это полноценная среда разработки, которую вы можете запустить на своем айфоне или айпаде. Фактически, это комбинация из редактора Python, документации и интерпретатора, уложенное в одно приложение.

Pythonista на удивление приятно использовать. Это отличный небольшой инструмент для случаев, когда вы оказываетесь без ноутбука и хотите поработать над своими навыками работы с Python на ходу. Приложение работает с полной версией стандартной библиотеки Python 3 и даже включает в себя полную документацию, с которой можно работать без подключения к интернету.

Для установки вам нужно просто загрузить Pythonista из iOS app store.

macOS users

• For Python 3.8, we provide one installer: 64-bit-only that works on macOS 10.9 (Mavericks) and later systems.
• Please read the «Important Information» displayed during installation for information about SSL/TLS certificate validation and the running the «Install Certificates.command».

And now for something completely different

mall>Cut to film of the lost world. Tropical South American vegetation. Our four explorers from Jungle Restaurant and Ken Russell’s Gardening Club sketches limp along exhaustedly.

Second Explorer: My God, Betty, we’re done for…
Third Explorer: We’ll never get out of here… we’re completely lost, lost. Even the natives have gone.
First Explorer: Goodbye Betty, Goodbye Farquarson. Goodbye Brian. It’s been a great expedition…
Third Explorer: All that’ll be left of us will be a map, a compass and a few feet of film, recording our last moments…
First Explorer: Wait a moment!
Fourth Explorer: What is it?
First Explorer: If we’re on film, there must be someone filming us.
Second Explorer: My God, Betty, you’re right!

They all look around, then gradually all notice the camera. They break out in smiles of relief, come towards the camera and greet the camera crew.

Third Explorer: Look! Great to see you!
First Explorer: What a stroke of luck!
Camera Crew: Hello! …
First Explorer: Wait a minute!
Fourth Explorer: What is it again?
First Explorer: If this is the crew who were filming us . .. who’s filming us now? Look!

Cut to another shot which indudes the first camera flew and yet another camera crew with all their equipment.

And now for something completely different

trong>Mr Anemone (Graham Chapman): Mr Chigger. So, you want to learn to fly?
Mr Chigger (Terry Jones): Yes.
Mr Anemone: Right, well, up on the table, arms out, fingers together, knees bent…
Mr Chigger: No, no, no.
Mr Anemone: (very loudly) UP ON THE TABLE! (Mr Chigger gets on the table) Arms out, fingers together, knees bent, now, head well forward. Now, flap your arms. Go on, flap, faster… faster… faster… faster, faster, faster, faster — now JUMP! (Mr Chigger jumps and lands on the floor) Rotten. You’re no bloody use at all. You’re an utter bloody wash-out. You make me sick, you weed!
Mr Chigger: Now look here…
Mr Anemone: All right, all right. I’ll give you one more chance, get on the table…
Mr Chigger: Look, I came here to learn how to fly an aeroplane.
Mr Anemone: A what?
Mr Chigger: I came here to learn how to fly an aeroplane.
Mr Anemone: (sarcastically) Oh, ‘an aeroplane’. Oh, I say, we are grand, aren’t we? (imitation posh accent) ‘Oh, oh, no more buttered scones for me, mater. I’m off to play the grand piano’. ‘Pardon me while I fly my aeroplane.’ NOW GET ON THE TABLE!

Major new features of the 3.8 series, compared to 3.7

• PEP 572, Assignment expressions
• PEP 570, Positional-only arguments
• PEP 587, Python Initialization Configuration (improved embedding)
• PEP 590, Vectorcall: a fast calling protocol for CPython
• PEP 578, Runtime audit hooks
• PEP 574, Pickle protocol 5 with out-of-band data
• Typing-related: PEP 591 (Final qualifier), PEP 586 (Literal types), and PEP 589 (TypedDict)
• Parallel filesystem cache for compiled bytecode
• Debug builds share ABI as release builds
• f-strings support a handy specifier for debugging
• is now legal in blocks
• on Windows, the default event loop is now
• on macOS, the spawn start method is now used by default in
• can now use shared memory segments to avoid pickling costs between processes
• is merged back to CPython
• is now 40% faster
• now uses Protocol 4 by default, improving performance

There are many other interesting changes, please consult the «What’s New» page in the documentation for a full list.

This is the fourth maintenance release of Python 3.9

Python 3.9.4 is a hotfix release addressing an unintentional ABI incompatibility introduced in Python 3.9.3. Upgrading is highly recommended to all users. Details in bpo-43710.

To reiterate, Python 3.9.3 was itself an expedited release due to its security content:

• bpo-43631: high-severity CVE-2021-3449 and CVE-2021-3450 were published for OpenSSL, it’s been upgraded to 1.1.1k in CI, and macOS and Windows installers.
• bpo-42988: CVE-2021-3426: Remove the getfile feature of the pydoc module which could be abused to read arbitrary files on the disk (directory traversal vulnerability). Moreover, even source code of Python modules can contain sensitive data like passwords. Vulnerability reported by David Schwörer.
• bpo-43285: ftplib no longer trusts the IP address value returned from the server in response to the PASV command by default. This prevents a malicious FTP server from using the response to probe IPv4 address and port combinations on the client network. Code that requires the former vulnerable behavior may set a trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address attribute on their ftplib.FTP instances to True to re-enable it.
• bpo-43439: Add audit hooks for gc.get_objects(), gc.get_referrers() and gc.get_referents(). Patch by Pablo Galindo.

Major new features of the 3.8 series, compared to 3.7

• PEP 572, Assignment expressions
• PEP 570, Positional-only arguments
• PEP 587, Python Initialization Configuration (improved embedding)
• PEP 590, Vectorcall: a fast calling protocol for CPython
• PEP 578, Runtime audit hooks
• PEP 574, Pickle protocol 5 with out-of-band data
• Typing-related: PEP 591 (Final qualifier), PEP 586 (Literal types), and PEP 589 (TypedDict)
• Parallel filesystem cache for compiled bytecode
• Debug builds share ABI as release builds
• f-strings support a handy specifier for debugging
• is now legal in blocks
• on Windows, the default event loop is now
• on macOS, the spawn start method is now used by default in
• can now use shared memory segments to avoid pickling costs between processes
• is merged back to CPython
• is now 40% faster
• now uses Protocol 4 by default, improving performance

There are many other interesting changes, please consult the «What’s New» page in the documentation for a full list.